THE MAXIMUM ENERGY HARVESTING FROM AMBIENT VIBRATIONS IS AN IMPORTANT OBJECTIVE. IN THIS PAPER WE AIM TO MODEL, SIMULATE AND COMPARE TWO MAJOR TYPES OF ELECTROSTATIC MEMS- BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS AS INPLANE OVERLAP AND IN-PLANE GAP CLOSING HARVESTERS. HERE WE DEVELOP STATE SPACE EQUATIONS TO EVALUATE THE HARVESTED ENERGY UNDER A FIXED STRUCTURE OF 5000´5000´100(MM)3. ALSO, WE STUDY THE STATE SPACE TRAJECTORIES AND POWER SENSITIVITY TO DIFFERENT PARAMETERS USING MATLAB SOFTWARE AND THROUGH THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE NONLINEAR STATE SPACE EQUATIONS.

A CONTROVERSIAL DIFFICULTY CONVENTIONAL ELECTRICAL GENERATION SYSTEMS CONFRONT IS THE PROVISION OF PRIMARY FUEL, WHICH COULD BE OVERCOME BY INTRODUCING UNLIMITED SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES. DOMINANT RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS HAVE THEIR OWN DRAWBACKS INCLUDING POWER INCONSISTENCY AND HIGH DEGREE OF ENERGY VARIATION WITH REGARD TO GEOGRAPHICAL AND CLIMATIC CIRCUMSTANCES AND GREAT INSTALLATION COSTS. A NOVEL BUBBLE-DRIVEN GENERATION SYSTEM IS PROPOSED TO REMEDY THE CURRENT SITUATION, WHICH MAKES USE OF BUBBLE-SHAPED PHASE OF EXHAUST GAS FROM AN ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS AND HOT SPRINGS. IN ADDITION TO ELECTRICAL POWER PRODUCTION, THE BUBBLE POWER PLANT IS EXPECTED TO PROVIDE FUTURE-APPLICABLE HYDROGEN FUEL FOR PROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTAL INDUSTRIES. THE ANALYTIC RESULTS SHOW THAT THIS FORM OF POWER PLANT IS CONSIDERED A SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER WIDESPREAD ONES FROM TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES.

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, SUCH AS WIND AND SOLAR, HAVE ENORMOUS POTENTIAL TO REDUCE DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE ELECTRIC SEGMENTS. BOTH SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC AND WIND ENERGY HAVE VARIABLE AND UNCERTAIN OUTPUT, WHICH ARE UNLIKE THE DISPATCH ABLE SOURCES USED FOR THE MAJORITY OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN THE WORLD. THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASED DEMAND FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF ENERGY STORAGE AS AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF FUTURE ENERGY SYSTEMS THAT USE LARGE AMOUNTS OF VARIABLE RENEWABLE RESOURCES. IN THESE CASES, ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES, INCLUDING BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS, PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE. FOR THIS REASONS, THERE IS AN INCREASING RESEARCH INTEREST ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES.BATTERIES HAVE RANGES FROM MINIATURE BATTERIES WITH AN ENERGY STORAGE CAPABILITY OF LESS THAN 0.1 WH TO CAPACITIES GREATER THAN 10 MWH. ALL SUCH SYSTEMS UTILIZE THE ENERGY EVOLVED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS TO PRODUCE ELECTRIC POWER DIRECTLY. BUT ELECTROCHEMICALSUPERCAPACITORS CAN STORE ENERGY USING A SINGLE OR COMBINATION OF VARIOUS CHARGE STORAGE MECHANISMS, THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DOUBLE LAYER (ECDL) AND ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS.SEVERAL GENERAL STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING ENERGY DENSITY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED, SUCH AS IMPROVING OF HIGH ENERGY ADVANCED MATERIALS, NANOSTRUCTURING OF ACTIVE MATERIALS, ACTIVE MATERIALS MORPHOLOGY, HYBRIDIZATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS, CONFIGURATION DESIGN, SURFACE MODIFICATION OF ELECTRODES, COMPOSITION OPTIMIZATION, AND ELECTROLYTE.IN THIS ARTICLE SOME OF THE ABOVE METHODSWERE REVIEWED.